The Education (Scotland) Act 2025 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2025

This Order establishes the necessary consequential provisions and modifications to existing legislation following the enactment of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025, providing for the operational continuity of the newly formed Qualifications Scotland and His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland.

It details the commencement sequence for different parts of the Order, clarifies that Qualifications Scotland's functions can be exercised outside Scotland, ensures transitional provisions cover past actions of the former Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA), confirms the Chief Inspector's status as part of the Scottish Administration, and systematically repeals or amends numerous UK-wide and devolved statutory instruments to substitute references from the SQA to Qualifications Scotland, ensuring all related legal frameworks, including those concerning welfare, student finance, and professional qualifications, accurately reflect the new institutional arrangements.

Arguments For

  • Facilitates the smooth transition and operational commencement of provisions introduced by the primary legislation, the Education (Scotland) Act 2025.

  • Ensures legal continuity by updating numerous existing pieces of subordinate and primary legislation across the UK to replace references to the former Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) with the newly established Qualifications Scotland.

  • Clarifies the jurisdictional scope of Qualifications Scotland's new functions regarding activities outside Scotland.

  • Formally integrates His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland into the structure of the Scottish Administration, establishing their status within the devolved governmental framework.

Arguments Against

  • The need for numerous consequential amendments across diverse areas of law (e.g., welfare benefits, driving licences, student support) implies significant administrative overhaul for bodies operating under UK-wide or partially reserved powers.

  • The Order's phased commencement, dependent on multiple sections of the 2025 Act coming into force, may create periods of operational ambiguity regarding which body's rules apply until all relevant commencement dates are reached.

  • The instrument potentially imposes new compliance burdens on bodies previously dealing with the SQA, requiring them to update their internal documentation and procedures to reflect the new bodies.

  • While no impact assessment was deemed necessary, the scope of modifications across different regulatory frameworks suggests subtle operational shifts that might not have been fully quantified.

The Secretary of State makes the following Order in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 104, 112(1), 113(2), (4)(b) and (5) and 114(1) of the Scotland Act 1998 [1].

In accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Schedule 7 to that Act, a draft of this Order has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

PART 1 Introductory

1.—(1) This Order may be cited as the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2025 and comes into force in accordance with paragraphs (2) to (7).

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), this article, paragraph 1(1) and (3) of Part 1 of the Schedule and, so far as relating to those provisions of the Schedule, article 4, come into force on the same day as section 1(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 [2] comes into force.

(3) If section 1(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 is in force when this Order is made, the provisions of this Order mentioned in paragraph (2) come into force on the day after this Order is made.

(4) Article 2, paragraphs 2 to 22 of the Schedule and, so far as relating to those provisions of the Schedule, article 4 come into force on the same day as section 2 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 comes into force.

(5) Paragraph 1(2) of Part 1 of the Schedule and, so far as relating to that provision, article 4 come into force on the same day as section 9 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 comes into force.

(6) Article 3 comes into force on the same day as section 61 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 comes into force.

(7) Articles 5 and 6 come into force on the same day as section 33 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 comes into force.

(8) Subject to paragraph (9), this Order extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

(9) Any modification made by this Order has the same extent as the provision modified.

PART 2 Qualifications Scotland and the Scottish Qualifications Authority

2.—(1) The functions conferred on Qualifications Scotland by section 6 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 are exercisable in or as regards places outwith Scotland.

(2) Section 28(1)(d) of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 applies to the exercise of functions by virtue of paragraph (1).

3.— Section 61 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 applies (despite subsection (4) of that section) to things done by or in relation to the Scottish Qualifications Authority (“SQA”) which relate to its functions exercisable otherwise than in or as regards Scotland.

4.— The modifications specified in the Schedule have effect.

PART 3 His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland

5.— His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland [3] (in Gaelic, Àrd-Neach-sgrùdaidh an Rìgh airson Foghlam ann an Alba) is part of the Scottish Administration [4].

6.—(1) Unless the context otherwise requires, references in the Scotland Act 1998 and any other enactment to an office-holder in the Scottish Administration are to be taken to include a reference to His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland.

(2) Paragraph (1) applies whether or not the enactment defines the expression “office-holder in the Scottish Administration” by reference to the Scotland Act 1998 or any other specific provision of that Act.

SCHEDULE

Article 4

PART 1 Modifications of Public General Acts

House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975

1.—(1) Part II of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (bodies of which all members are disqualified) [5] is amended as follows.

(2) Omit the entry “The Advisory Council established under section 3 of the Scottish Qualification Authority Act 2002.” and at the appropriate place insert—

“The Strategic Advisory Council established under section 9 of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025.”.

(3) Omit the entry “The Scottish Qualifications Authority.” and at the appropriate place insert—

“Qualifications Scotland” [6].

Education (Scotland) Act 1996

2.— Section 8 of the Education (Scotland) Act 1996 [7] is repealed.

PART 2 Modifications of Subordinate Legislation

Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999

3.—(1) The Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 [8] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 22 (interpretation of Part III) [9], in the definition of “educational qualification”—

(a) in sub-paragraph (a), for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority pursuant to section 2(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 1996;” substitute “Qualifications Scotland pursuant to section 2(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025;”,

(b) in sub-paragraph (b), for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority pursuant to section 3(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 1996;” substitute “Qualifications Scotland pursuant to section 4(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025;”.

Child Support (Maintenance Calculations and Special Cases) Regulations 2000

4.—(1) The Child Support (Maintenance Calculations and Special Cases) Regulations 2000 [10] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 1(2) (citation, commencement and interpretation), in the definition of “course of advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Child Support (Maintenance Calculations and Special Cases) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2001

5.—(1) The Child Support (Maintenance Calculations and Special Cases) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2001 [11] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 1(2) (citation, commencement and interpretation), in the definition of “course of advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2008

6.—(1) The Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2008 [12] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 9(5) (conditions relating to youth – claimants aged 20 or over but under 25), in the definition of “advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Employment and Support Allowance Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008

7.—(1) The Employment and Support Allowance Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008 [13] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 9(5) (conditions relating to youth – claimants aged 20 or over but under 25), in the definition of “advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations 2009

8.—(1) The Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations 2009 [14] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 3(1) (interpretation) [15] in the definition of “eligible course”, after “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”.

(3) In regulation 9(2)(b) (interpretation of Part 2), after “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”.

Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

9.—(1) The Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009 [16] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 6(2)(b) (interpretation of Part 2), after “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”.

Education (Student Support) (No. 2) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

10.—(1) The Education (Student Support) (No. 2) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009 [17] are amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 3(b) of Schedule 3, after “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”.

Children Act 1989 (Higher Education Bursary) (Wales) Regulations 2011

11.—(1) The Children Act 1989 (Higher Education Bursary) (Wales) Regulations 2011 (Rheoliadau Deddf Plant 1989 (Bwrsari Addysg Uwch) (Cymru) 2011) [18] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 4(1)(a)(iii)—

(a) in the English language text for “the Scottish Qualification Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the Welsh language text, for “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban” substitute “Cymwysterau’r Alban”.

(3) In regulation 4(2)(b)—

(a) in the English language text, for “the Scottish Qualification Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the Welsh language text, for “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban” substitute “Cymwysterau’r Alban”.

Education (Student Support) Regulations 2011

12.—(1) The Education (Student Support) Regulations 2011 [19] are amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 3(b) of Schedule 2, after “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”.

Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations 2012

13.—(1) The Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations 2012 [20] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 5(12) (designation of authorities (training and certification)), in the definition of “a regulator in the United Kingdom”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2013

14.—(1) The Employment and Support Allowance Regulations 2013 [21] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 2 (interpretation), in the definition of “advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Employment and Support Allowance Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2016

15.—(1) The Employment and Support Allowance Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2016 [22] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 2 (interpretation), in the definition of “advanced education”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority”, in each place where it appears, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Street Works (Qualifications of Operatives and Supervisors) (England) Regulations 2016

16.—(1) The Street Works (Qualifications of Operatives and Supervisors) (England) Regulations 2016 [23] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 2(1) (interpretation)—

(a) in the definition of “competent authority” [24], for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the definition of “registration body”, for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Education (Student Support) (Wales) Regulations 2017

17.—(1) The Education (Student Support) (Wales) Regulations 2017 (Rheoliadau Addysg (Cymorth i Fyfyrwyr) (Cymru) 2017) [25] are amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 3(b) of Schedule 2—

(a) in the English language text after “the Scottish Qualification Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the Welsh language text, after “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban” insert “neu Cymwysterau’r Alban”.

(3) In regulation 4(2)(b)—

(a) in the English language text, for “the Scottish Qualification Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the Welsh language text, for “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban” substitute “Cymwysterau’r Alban”.

Trade Union (Facility Time Publication Requirements) Regulations 2017

18.—(1) The Trade Union (Facility Time Publication Requirements) Regulations 2017 [26] are amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 165 of Schedule 1, for “The Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Education (Student Support) (Wales) Regulations 2018

19.—(1) The Education (Student Support) (Wales) Regulations 2018 (Rheoliadau Addysg (Cymorth i Fyfyrwyr) (Cymru) 2018) [27] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 6(1) (designated courses – conditions), in Condition 1(c)—

(a) in the English language text—

(i) in paragraph (i), omit “or”,

(ii) in paragraph (ii), for “;” substitute “, or”,

(iii) after paragraph (ii), insert “(iii) Qualifications Scotland;”;

(b) in the Welsh language text—

(i) in paragraph (i), omit “neu”,

(ii) in paragraph (ii), for “;” substitute “, neu”,

(iii) after paragraph (ii), insert “(iii) Cymwysterau’r Alban;”.

(3) In regulation 16(4)(c) (maximum period of eligibility – tuition fee loans and grants for certain continuing students)—

(a) in the English language text—

(i) omit “either”,

(ii) after “Business and Technology Education Council” for “or” substitute “,”,

(iii) after “the Scottish Qualification Authority” insert “or Qualifications Scotland”;

(b) in the Welsh language text—

(i) for “naill ai’r” substitute “y”,

(ii) after “Cyngor Addysg Busnes a Thechnoleg” for “neu” substitute “,”,

(iii) after “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban” insert “neu Cymwysterau’r Alban”.

(4) In paragraph 6(1) of Schedule 1—

(a) in the English language text, in the definition of “end-on course”—

(i) after “Business and Technology Education Council,” omit “or”,

(ii) after “the Scottish Qualification Authority, or” insert “(iii) Qualifications Scotland, or”;

(b) in the Welsh language text, in the definition of “cwrs penben”—

(i) after “y Cyngor Addysg Busnes a Thechnoleg,” omit “neu”,

(ii) after “Awdurdod Cymwysterau’r Alban, neu” insert “(iii) Cymwysterau’r Alban, neu”.

Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Cooperation and Information Sharing) Regulations 2018

20.—(1) The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Cooperation and Information Sharing) Regulations 2018 [28] are amended as follows.

(2) In the table in the Schedule—

(a) in the “relevant person” column, for the entry “Scottish Qualifications Authority”, substitute “Qualifications Scotland”,

(b) in the corresponding row in the “relevant function” column, for “Its functions under the Education (Scotland) Act 1996”, substitute “Its functions under the Education (Scotland) Act 2025”.

Agriculture (Student Fees) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2023

21.—(1) The Agriculture (Student Fees) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2023 [29] are amended as follows.

(2) In regulation 4(a)(i)(bb) (higher education courses), for “the Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute “Qualifications Scotland”.

Trade Union (Deduction of Union Subscriptions from Wages in the Public Sector) Regulations 2024

22.—(1) The Trade Union (Deduction of Union Subscriptions from Wages in the Public Sector) Regulations 2024 [30] are amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 176 of the Schedule, for “The Scottish Qualifications Authority” substitute Qualifications Scotland”.

EXPLANATORY NOTE (This note is not part of the Order)

This Order makes provision in consequence of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025 (“the 2025 Act”), which establishes Qualifications Scotland (in Gaelic, Teisteanasan Alba) and His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland (in Gaelic, Àrd-Neach-sgrùdaidh an Rìgh airson Foghlam ann an Alba), and makes provision about their respective functions.

Article 2 provides that the functions conferred on Qualifications Scotland by section 6 (working with, or recognition of, others) of the 2025 Act are exercisable in or as regards places outwith Scotland.

Article 3 provides that section 61 (transitional provisions) of the 2025 Act applies to things done by or in relation to the Scottish Qualifications Authority (“SQA”) which relate to its functions exercisable otherwise than in or as regards Scotland. This is designed to function in conjunction with section 61(4) of the 2025 Act which provides that section 61 does not apply to such things as relate to the SQA’s functions exercisable otherwise than in or as regards Scotland.

Article 4 and the Schedule make modifications to primary and secondary legislation in consequence of the 2025 Act.

Article 5 provides that His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland is part of the Scottish Administration.

Article 6 provides that, unless the context otherwise requires, references in the Scotland Act 1998 and any other enactment to an office-holder in the Scottish Administration, however defined, are to be taken to include references to His Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education in Scotland.

A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no, or no significant, impact on the private, voluntary or public sectors is foreseen.