The Withdrawal Agreement (Windsor Framework and Governance) (Amendment) Regulations 2026

Renamed the Northern Ireland Protocol to the Windsor Framework in law and revised Democratic Scrutiny Committee inquiry timelines.


These regulations formalize the transition from the 'Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland' to the 'Windsor Framework' across primary UK statutes, including the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the Northern Ireland Act 1998.

The instrument modifies the operational timelines for the Northern Ireland Assembly's Democratic Scrutiny Committee, extending the window to initiate inquiries while shortening the deadline for publishing reports.

It also enables the UK government to participate in European Union Withdrawal Agreement Joint Committee decisions through written procedures rather than formal meetings.

Arguments For

  • The instrument states that name changes are required to reflect Joint Declaration No. 1/2023, which formally renamed the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland as the Windsor Framework.

  • The explanatory note asserts that omitting section 15C of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 is necessary to permit the UK co-chair to consent to Joint Committee decisions via written procedure between meetings.

  • The regulations clarify that Northern Ireland departments cannot refuse information requests from the Democratic Scrutiny Committee solely because they lack primary responsibility for the specific EU act in question.

Arguments Against

  • Legal commentators may note that reducing the time available for the Democratic Scrutiny Committee to publish reports and evidence (from 15 working days to 12) could compress the period for legislative review.

  • Affected Northern Ireland departments might express concern regarding the expanded scope of mandatory information sharing for EU acts outside their primary responsibility.

1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Withdrawal Agreement (Windsor Framework and Governance) (Amendment) Regulations 2026.

(2) They come into force on the day after the day on which they are made.

(3) They extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

2.—(1) The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 7A(5)—

(a) in paragraph (e), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (b) in paragraph (f), for "Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework".

(3) In section 7C(2), in paragraph (c)—

(a) for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (b) for "Protocol", the second time it occurs, substitute "Framework".

(4) In section 8C—

(a) in the heading, for "Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (b) in subsection (1)— (i) in paragraph (a), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (ii) in paragraphs (b) and (c), for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Framework"; (c) in subsection (5), for "Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (d) in subsection (5A)(c), in sub-paragraph (ii), for "Northern Ireland Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (e) in subsection (7)— (i) for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (ii) in paragraphs (a) and (b) and in the words after paragraph (b), for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Framework".

(5) In section 10(3), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework".

(6) Omit section 15C.

(7) In section 20(1), after the definition of "Wales" and "Welsh Zone" insert—

"“Windsor Framework” means the part of the withdrawal agreement known as the Windsor Framework by virtue of Joint Declaration No. 1/2023 of 24 March 2023 made between the EU and the United Kingdom in the Joint Committee established by the withdrawal agreement."

(8) In the table in section 21(1) after the entry for "Welsh Zone" insert—

"Windsor Framework | Section 20(1)"

(9) In Schedule 2, in Part 1C—

(a) for the heading of Part 1C, for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (b) for the heading above paragraph 11M, for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (c) in paragraph 11M— (i) in sub-paragraph (1)(a), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (ii) in sub-paragraphs (1)(b) and (1)(c), for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Framework"; (iii) in sub-paragraph (2)(a), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (iv) in sub-paragraphs (2)(b), (2)(c) and (6), for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Framework"; (v) in sub-paragraph (8)— (aa) for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (bb) in paragraphs (a) and (b) and in the words after paragraph (b), for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Framework".

(10) In Schedule 4, in paragraph 1(1), for "Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework".

(11) In Schedule 7, in the italic heading before paragraph 8F, for "Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework".

3.—(1) The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is amended as follows.

(2) In sections 6(2), 24(1), 69(10A) and 74(7), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland", in each place those words occur, substitute "Windsor Framework".

(3) In sections 78A and 78B—

(a) in subsection (1), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (b) in subsection (9), for "Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework".

(4) In section 78C(1) and 78D(1), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland", in each place those words occur, substitute "Windsor Framework".

(5) In section 98(1) after the definition of "transferred matter" insert—

"“Windsor Framework” means the part of the withdrawal agreement known as the Windsor Framework by virtue of Joint Declaration No. 1/2023 of 24 March 2023 made between the EU and the United Kingdom in the Joint Committee established by the withdrawal agreement."

(6) In Schedule 6A (Democratic consent process)—

(a) in paragraph 1— (i) for "Protocol", in each place it occurs, substitute "Windsor Framework"; (ii) omit the definition of "Protocol"; (b) in paragraph 2(1), for "Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (c) in paragraph 4(4)(b), for "Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (d) in the italic heading before paragraph 21, for "Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework"; (e) in paragraph 21(2), for "Protocol" substitute "Windsor Framework".

(7) In Schedule 6B (Windsor Framework Democratic Scrutiny)—

(a) in paragraph 1(6), omit— (i) the definition of "Framework"; (ii) the definition of "Windsor Framework". (b) in paragraph 3(1), insert "Windsor" before "Framework"; (c) in paragraph 8(3), for "five working days", substitute "ten working days"; (d) after paragraph 9(3), insert—

"(3A) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3), a request for information is not to be regarded as unreasonable solely on the ground that the Minister or Northern Ireland department does not have primary responsibility for the implementation or enforcement of the new EU act or replacement EU act.";

(e) in paragraph 10(1), for "fifteen working days", substitute "twelve working days"; (f) in paragraph 10(3), for "fifteen working days", substitute "twelve working days"; (g) in paragraphs 11(1), 14(1)(b), 15, 18(1), and 19(2), in each place that it occurs, insert "Windsor" before "Framework".

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