The Housing Health and Safety Rating System (England) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2026
The Armed Forces Act 2021 modernizes and amends various aspects of the service law governing the UK Armed Forces, focusing on enhancing service discipline, establishing clear rules for prosecuting historic matters arising from overseas operations, and making administrative updates to service justice procedures and personnel regulations.
The Act maintains the overall framework of service justice while adapting it to contemporary operational and legal requirements.
Arguments For
Upholds service discipline by clarifying and modernizing disciplinary offences and powers, ensuring the armed forces can maintain effective command structures.
Provides a clear legal framework for the investigation and prosecution of historical matters relating to overseas operations, addressing legacy issues in a timely and appropriate manner.
Ensures consistency in processes affecting service personnel, such as continuing service regulations and civilian jurisdiction provisions.
Protects the integrity of military justice by providing mechanisms for appeal and review of service tribunal decisions.
Arguments Against
Concerns may arise regarding the extension of service law jurisdiction over certain personnel post-discharge or for offences committed overseas, potentially impacting civil liberties.
Implementation of new processes for historic investigations might place significant burdens on service legal and investigative bodies.
Changes to the scope of offences or the way allegations are handled could be seen as altering long-standing employment or disciplinary standards without sufficient consultation.
The provisions relating to civilian courts retaining jurisdiction over certain service personnel offences might create jurisdictional overlap or complexity.
Part 1 Service Jurisdiction and Offences
- Service discipline offences: extension of time limits for summary dealing etc.
(1) Section 99(2) of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (time limit for summary dealing with certain offences) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (2)(a) (offences under section 97(1) to (4)) for "12 months" there is substituted "3 years".
(3) In subsection (2)(b) (offences under section 97(5) to (7)) for "3 years" there is substituted "5 years".
(4) In subsection (2)(c) (offences under section 97(8) and (9)) for "6 years" there is substituted "7 years".
This section amends the time limits within which service disciplinary offences can be dealt with summarily by commanding officers.
For certain types of offences listed under section 97 subsections (1) to (4) of the 2006 Act, the deadline for summary dealing is extended from 12 months to 3 years.
Deadlines for other specified offences are also extended, moving from 3 years to 5 years, and from 6 years to 7 years, allowing commanders more time to address certain breaches of discipline.
- Service offences: time limit for Court Martial proceedings in relation to certain offences committed outside the UK
(1) Section 131 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (time limit for Court Martial proceedings in relation to certain offences committed outside the UK) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1) for "7 years" there is substituted "10 years".
This amendment extends the limitation period for bringing charges before a Court Martial for specific service offences committed outside the United Kingdom.
The maximum permissible time for initiating Court Martial proceedings for these external offences is increased from seven years to ten years.
- Civilian courts: continuing jurisdiction in respect of certain service offences
(1) Section 190 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (civilian courts: continuing jurisdiction in respect of certain service offences) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (3) (extension of time limit for bringing proceedings) for "7 years" there is substituted "10 years".
(3) In subsection (5) (extension of time limit for proceedings where a person is subject to service law) for "7 years" there is substituted "10 years".
(4) In subsection (6) (extension of time limit for proceedings where a person is under civilian sentence) for "7 years" there is substituted "10 years".
This part modifies the law concerning when civilian courts can exercise jurisdiction over certain service offences, aligning its time limits with the change made for Court Martial proceedings.
The time limit for civilian courts to initiate proceedings for specified service offences, whether the person is under service law or a civilian sentence, is extended from seven years to ten years.
Part 2 Investigations into Operations Outside the UK
This introductory heading signals that the subsequent provisions in this part of the Act address the legal framework surrounding the investigation of actions taken by service personnel during operations conducted outside the United Kingdom.
- Provision of information relating to investigations into operations outside the UK
(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for or in connection with the provision of information relating to investigations into operations outside the United Kingdom.
(2) Regulations under subsection (1) may make provision for or in connection with requirements on service authorities, service police, or other persons specified in the regulations, to provide information to the Secretary of State.
(3) The information that may be provided for or in connection with the provision of information relating to investigations into operations outside the United Kingdom includes information that—
(a) is held by a service authority, service police, or other persons specified in the regulations, and
(b) relates to such an investigation.
(4) Before making regulations under this section, the Secretary of State must consult such persons as appears to the Secretary of State to be appropriate.
(5) The power to make regulations under this section is exercisable by statutory instrument.
(6) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this section must be laid before Parliament after being made.
The Secretary of State gains the power to create regulations requiring service authorities, service police, or other specified individuals to supply information concerning investigations into operations outside the UK to the Secretary of State.
This provision allows for the collection of relevant information pertaining to these investigations, subject to a requirement that the Secretary of State must consult appropriate parties before enacting such regulations, which are then laid before Parliament.
- Protection for giving evidence in relation to investigations into operations outside the UK
(1) This section applies to proceedings in the United Kingdom of a description mentioned in subsection (2) where a person gives evidence relating to an investigation into an operation outside the United Kingdom.
(2) Proceedings are of a description mentioned in this subsection if they are—
(a) criminal proceedings (other than proceedings under the Armed Forces Act 2006, unless the proceedings are brought by the Director of Service Prosecutions or the Director of Counter-Invasion Prosecutions);
(b) civil proceedings;
(c) a public inquiry or other inquiry of a description specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(3) A person who gives evidence as mentioned in subsection (1) is not liable in any proceedings in the United Kingdom to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any evidence given by or to him or her, or for or on account of anything done by him or her which was done in compliance with a requirement to give evidence imposed by virtue of subsection (5).
(4) Subsection (3) does not prevent—
(a) the drawing of adverse inferences in civil proceedings;
(b) the institution of proceedings for a service offence where the offence is perjury in giving the evidence or otherwise making a false statement in connection with the evidence or related statement in the proceedings, or the offence of attempting to commit a service offence of perjury in giving such evidence or otherwise making a false statement in connection with the evidence or a related statement in the proceedings.
(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations impose requirements on service authorities, service police, or other persons specified in the regulations, to give evidence or produce documents relating to an investigation into an operation outside the United Kingdom.
(6) Before making regulations under subsection (5), the Secretary of State must consult such persons as appears to the Secretary of State to be appropriate.
(7) The power to make regulations under subsection (5) is exercisable by statutory instrument.
(8) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (5) must be laid before Parliament after being made.
This provision grants protection to individuals giving evidence in the UK about overseas operations investigations.
Generally, a person giving such evidence cannot face penalties in UK criminal or civil proceedings, or specified inquiries, for that evidence, provided it was given in compliance with a requirement.
However, this protection does not prevent adverse inferences in civil cases or prosecution for perjury committed while giving the evidence.
The Secretary of State can mandate service bodies to give evidence or produce related documents, following consultation and reporting the regulations to Parliament.
Part 3 Miscellaneous and General
This heading marks the final part of the Act, which contains miscellaneous provisions and general administrative clauses that do not fit under the preceding specific parts.
- Continuing service of personnel who would otherwise be discharged
(1) Section 293 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (continuing service of personnel who would otherwise be discharged) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (1)(a) (condition relating to release from service) for "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice" there is substituted "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice, or at such later time as the prescribed authority directs".
(3) In subsection (3)(b) (order or notice requiring service to continue) for "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice" there is substituted "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice, or at such later time as the prescribed authority directs".
(4) In subsection (5) (period for which service may be continued) for "up to 12 months" there is substituted "up to 24 months".
(5) In subsection (6)(a) (extension where person is entitled to be discharged or released) for "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice" there is substituted "the person is entitled to be discharged or released from service at the time specified in the order or notice, or at such later time as the prescribed authority directs".
This modifies rules regarding the forced continuation of service for personnel who would otherwise be eligible for discharge or release.
The change allows a prescribed authority to direct that service continues past the originally specified discharge date, even if the individual was entitled to leave at that time. Furthermore, the maximum period for which service can be continued under these orders is doubled, increasing from a maximum of 12 months to a maximum of 24 months.
- Short title, commencement and extent
(1) This Act may be cited as the Armed Forces Act 2021.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), this Act comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument appoint.
(3) This section, and section 4(3) to (8), come into force on the day on which this Act is passed.
(4) An order under subsection (2) may include saving or transitional provisions of any kind as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(5) Subject to subsections (6) and (7), this Act extends to the United Kingdom, Gibraltar and the British Overseas Territories.
(6) The repeal or amendment of an enactment in Schedule 1 has the same extent as the enactment being repealed or amended.
(7) An amendment or repeal of an enactment in Schedule 1 is effective in relation to a territory mentioned in subsection (5) only if the enactment extended to that territory when it was passed.
This final section outlines the official citation of the law as the Armed Forces Act 2021 and specifies when its various parts become law.
Most provisions come into force on a date appointed by the Secretary of State via statutory instrument, which may include transitional arrangements.
However, this section itself and the provisions detailing the Secretary of State's power to require information on overseas investigations (Section 4(3) to (8)) take effect immediately upon the Act receiving Royal Assent.
The Act generally applies across the UK, Gibraltar, and British Overseas Territories, with the extent of any repeal or amendment in Schedule 1 dependent on the extent of the original law being changed.
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