The Customs (Preferential Trade Arrangements and Tariff Quotas) (US) (Amendment) Regulations 2025

These regulations, effective June 30, 2025, amend existing UK customs rules to incorporate a new preferential trade agreement and tariff quota for US beef, stemming from the General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal concluded on May 8, 2025.

The changes add a new quota to the Customs (Tariff Quotas) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 and include the new agreement details within the Customs Tariff (Preferential Trade Arrangements) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020.

The regulations apply to England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Arguments For

  • Improved Trade Relations: The regulations facilitate enhanced trade relations with the United States by establishing a new preferential trade agreement and tariff quota for specific goods.

  • Economic Benefits: The new quota could increase the volume of trade, potentially boosting economic activity in relevant sectors, such as agriculture (beef).

  • Legal Basis: The regulations are made under the authority of the Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 2018, providing a clear legal framework.

  • International Agreements: The regulatory changes reflect the UK's commitment to international trade agreements, promoting collaboration and economic growth.

Arguments Against

  • Potential Trade Imbalances: The new tariff quota might lead to increased imports from the US, potentially negatively impacting domestic producers in the same sector.

  • Unintended Consequences: Changes to import quotas could have unforeseen implications for domestic supply chains and market dynamics.

  • Administrative Burden: Implementing and administering the new preferential trade arrangements may place additional burdens on customs officials and businesses involved.

  • Lack of Comprehensive Impact Assessment: The accompanying explanatory note states that no significant impact assessment was undertaken, raising concerns about the potential broader economic and social impacts.

These Regulations are made by the Treasury in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 9(1), 11(1), (3) and (7), 17(6) and (7), and 32(7) and (8) of the Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 20181 (“the Act”) and by the Secretary of State in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 11(3), (4) and (6), and 32(7) and (8) of the Act.

Further to sections 9(3) and 17(8) of the Act, the Secretary of State recommends that these Regulations be made.

Further to section 11(7) of the Act, in considering what provision to include in regulations made under section 11(1) and (3) of the Act, the Treasury have had regard to a recommendation made to them by the Secretary of State.

Further to section 28 of the Act, the Treasury and Secretary of State, in exercising their functions under Part 1 of the Act, have had regard to the international arrangements to which His Majesty’s government in the United Kingdom is a party that are relevant to the exercise of those functions.

These Regulations—

(a) may be cited as the Customs (Preferential Trade Arrangements and Tariff Quotas) (US) (Amendment) Regulations 2025;

(b) come into force on 30th June 2025;

(c) extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The Customs (Tariff Quotas) (EU Exit) Regulations 20202 are amended as follows.

In Schedule 2 (licensing table) in the table headed “Part B: preferential quotas”—

(a) at the end insert—

“05.4010

£6 per 100kg

Yes

Yes(10)”;

(b) at the end of the footnotes following that table insert—

“(10)

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).”.

The table in Schedule 1 (agreements to which these Regulations apply) to the Customs Tariff (Preferential Trade Arrangements) (EU Exit) Regulations 20203 is amended as follows4.

In a new row to be inserted immediately above the entry relating to the Free Trade Agreement establishing an Association between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, signed on 29th December 2020—

(a) in the first column insert—

“General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal, concluded on 8th May 2025.”;

(b) in the second column insert—

“The United States Preferential Tariff, version 1.0, dated 23rd June 2025.”;

(c) in the third column insert—

“The United States Origin Reference Document, version 1.0, dated 23rd June 2025.”.

Jeff Smith

Taiwo Owatemi

Two of the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury

26th June 2025

Douglas Alexander

Minister of State

Department for Business and Trade

25th June 2025

These Regulations are made under the Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 2018 (c. 22).

Regulation 2 amends the licensing table in Schedule 2 to the Customs (Tariff Quotas) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1432), which identifies the tariff quotas that are administered by licence. The table at Part B of Schedule 2 is amended so that a new preferential United States beef quota 05.4010 is added. This quota is in respect of the General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal, concluded on 8th May 2025.

Regulation 3 amends Schedule 1 to the Customs Tariff (Preferential Trade Arrangements) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1457), which sets out the list of arrangements between His Majesty’s government in the United Kingdom and the governments of other countries or territories to which the provisions of those Regulations apply, and the associated reference documents for each arrangement. The following arrangement is, by this instrument, inserted in the table in Schedule 1 to S.I. 2020/1457:

  • General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal, concluded on 8th May 2025.

A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no, or no significant, impact on the private, voluntary or public sectors is foreseen.

This instrument largely maintains the position of existing legislation, which was covered by an overarching Tax Information and Impact Note published on 13th January 2021: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-uks-integrated-tariff-schedule.